R0051/2026-03-31/Q003/S02¶
WebSearch — Fact-checking methodology limitations and epistemological gaps
Summary¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source/Database | WebSearch |
| Query terms | fact-checking methodology limitations epistemological gap structured evidence assessment journalistic verification |
| Filters | None |
| Results returned | 10 |
| Results selected | 4 |
| Results rejected | 6 |
Selected Results¶
| Result | Title | URL | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
| S02-R01 | Vandenberghe (2025) — Epistemological Framework | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2025.2492729 | Explicitly documents epistemological challenges as unsolved |
| S02-R02 | Steensen et al. (2024) — Limits of live fact-checking | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14614448231151436 | Identifies "epistemic gap" in practice |
| S02-R03 | What is a fact in the age of generative AI? (2026) | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2026.2630697 | Most recent epistemological examination of fact-checking |
| S02-R04 | Convergent Epistemic Practices in Visual Fact-Checking (2026) | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2026.2638939 | Recent epistemic practice study |
Rejected Results¶
| Result | Title | URL | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
| S02-R05 | Vandenberghe (LSE duplicate) | https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/128013/1/Fact-Checking_in_Journalism_An_Epistemological_Framework.pdf | Duplicate |
| S02-R06 | Steensen et al. (PDF duplicate) | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14614448231151436 | Duplicate |
| S02-R07 | Uscinski & Butler (duplicate) | https://philpapers.org/rec/USCTEO | Already captured |
| S02-R08 | Uscinski & Butler (ResearchGate duplicate) | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271993961_The_Epistemology_of_Fact_Checking | Duplicate |
| S02-R09 | Fact-checking fact checkers (Harvard) | https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lee_fact-checking_fact_checkers_20231026.pdf | Data-driven analysis of fact-checker agreement, not gap documentation |
| S02-R10 | What is the Problem with Misinformation? | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2357316 | Sociotechnical framing, not evidence evaluation gap |
Notes¶
Strong returns for epistemological gap documentation. Notable finding: a 2026 paper explicitly examines "What is a fact in the age of generative AI?" using fact-checking as an epistemological lens — the gap continues to generate scholarly attention.