R0051/2026-03-31/Q001/SRC01

Research	R0051 — Fact-Checking Gap
Run	2026-03-31
Query	Q001
Search	S01
Result	S01-R01
Source	SRC01

Vandenberghe (2025) — Epistemological framework for fact-checking in journalism

Source

Field	Value
Title	Fact-Checking in Journalism: An Epistemological Framework
Publisher	Taylor & Francis / Journalism Studies
Author(s)	Vandenberghe (first author)
Date	2025
URL	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2025.2492729
Type	Research paper

Summary

Dimension	Rating
Reliability	High
Relevance	High
Bias: Missing data	Low risk
Bias: Measurement	N/A
Bias: Selective reporting	Low risk
Bias: Randomization	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: Protocol deviation	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: COI/Funding	Low risk

Rationale

Dimension	Rationale
Reliability	Peer-reviewed publication in a leading journalism studies journal. Published in 2025, representing the most current academic work on this exact topic.
Relevance	Directly addresses the query — develops an epistemological framework for fact-checking, analyzing three core challenges. This is the most directly relevant source found.
Bias flags	As an academic analytical paper rather than empirical study, measurement and RCT domains are not applicable. No apparent conflicts of interest.

Evidence Extracts

Evidence ID	Summary
SRC01-E01	Three deep-rooted epistemological challenges in fact-checking
SRC01-E02	Triangulation and source criticism as existing verification methods