S03¶


Research	R0050 — Journalism and Other Truth-Seeking Disciplines
Run	2026-03-31
Query	Q001
Search	S03

WebSearch — Calibrated uncertainty language in journalism and fact-checking

Summary¶

Field	Value
Source/Database	WebSearch
Query terms	"journalistic fact-checking calibrated uncertainty language probability confidence hedging standards"
Filters	None
Results returned	10
Results selected	1
Results rejected	9

Selected Results¶

Result	Title	URL	Rationale
S03-R01	Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science	https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/6/5/181870/95102/Communicating-uncertainty-about-facts-numbers-and	Academic analysis of uncertainty communication relevant to journalism

Rejected Results¶

Result	Title	URL	Rationale
S03-R02	Various AI fact-checking and hedging papers	Multiple arxiv URLs	Focus on AI/automated fact-checking systems, not human journalistic methodology

Notes¶

This search was designed to find evidence of calibrated uncertainty language in journalism specifically. The results were dominated by AI/automated fact-checking research and medical hedging studies rather than journalistic practice standards. This absence is itself significant — it suggests that calibrated uncertainty language is not a recognized concept in journalistic methodology.