R0050/2026-03-31-02/Q003/SRC01

Research	R0050 — Journalism Disciplines
Run	2026-03-31-02
Query	Q003
Search	S01
Result	S01-R01
Source	SRC01

Wardle & Derakhshan (2017) — Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework

Source

Field	Value
Title	Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking
Publisher	Council of Europe
Author(s)	Claire Wardle, Hossein Derakhshan
Date	2017
URL	https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-report-version-august-2018/16808c9c77
Type	Policy report

Summary

Dimension	Rating
Reliability	High
Relevance	High
Bias: Missing data	Low risk
Bias: Measurement	N/A
Bias: Selective reporting	Low risk
Bias: Randomization	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: Protocol deviation	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: COI/Funding	Low risk

Rationale

Dimension	Rationale
Reliability	Primary authoritative source — the original report defining the taxonomy
Relevance	Directly relevant as the foundational document
Bias flags	Commissioned by Council of Europe; no significant COI

Evidence Extracts

Evidence ID	Summary
SRC01-E01	Original report provides conceptual framework with three categories, seven types, three phases, and three elements — but no classification procedures