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R0050/2026-03-31-02/Q002/SRC03

Research R0050 — Journalism Disciplines
Run 2026-03-31-02
Query Q002
Search S03
Result S03-R01
Source SRC03

Bradford Hill criteria — nine viewpoints for causal inference in epidemiology

Source

Field Value
Title Bradford Hill criteria
Publisher Wikipedia (referencing Hill 1965)
Author(s) Sir Austin Bradford Hill (original)
Date 1965 (original); current Wikipedia article
URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Hill_criteria
Type Reference article (secondary source for 1965 primary)

Summary

Dimension Rating
Reliability Medium-High
Relevance High
Bias: Missing data Low risk
Bias: Measurement N/A
Bias: Selective reporting Low risk
Bias: Randomization N/A — not an RCT
Bias: Protocol deviation N/A — not an RCT
Bias: COI/Funding Low risk

Rationale

Dimension Rationale
Reliability Well-established framework from 1965, widely cited; Wikipedia article accurately represents the original
Relevance Directly relevant as a structured evidence evaluation methodology for causal inference
Bias flags No significant concerns

Evidence Extracts

Evidence ID Summary
SRC03-E01 Nine viewpoints for causal inference — mostly captured by GRADE methodology