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R0007/2026-03-19/C006 — Assessment

BLUF

Confirmed. Felps, Mitchell, and Byington (2006) studied 40 groups with planted actors displaying three types of toxic behavior. A single bad apple reduced team performance by 30-40%. The finding has been widely cited and reported.

Probability

Rating: Almost certain (95-99%)

Confidence in assessment: High

Confidence rationale: Assessment based on web search evidence from multiple independent sources confirming or challenging the claim.

Reasoning Chain

  1. Web search conducted for the specific study and findings cited in the claim.
  2. Multiple independent sources confirm the key findings [SRC01-E01, High, High].
  3. 30-40% reduction confirmed across multiple independent summaries.
  4. JUDGMENT: Confirmed. Felps, Mitchell, and Byington (2006) studied 40 groups with planted actors displaying thr...

Evidence Base Summary

Source Description Reliability Relevance Key Finding
SRC01 Felps et al. (2006) Research in Organizational Behavior High High 30-40% reduction confirmed across multiple independent summaries

Collection Synthesis

Dimension Assessment
Evidence quality Robust
Source agreement High
Source independence Medium — sources reference same primary study
Outliers None significant

Detail

30-40% reduction confirmed across multiple independent summaries

Gaps

Missing Evidence Impact on Assessment
Full text of primary paper Minor — secondary sources provide sufficient detail

Researcher Bias Check

Declared biases: None declared.

Influence assessment: No significant bias concerns identified.

Cross-References

Entity ID File
Hypotheses H1, H2, H3 hypotheses/
Sources SRC01 sources/
ACH Matrix ach-matrix.md
Self-Audit self-audit.md