SRC01¶


Research	R0002 — Research Standards for AI-Assisted Writing
Run	2026-03-13
Claim	C012
Search	S01
Result	S01-R01

| Source | SRC01 |

Wardle & Derakhshan (2017), Council of Europe

Source¶

Wardle C, Derakhshan H. "Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking." Council of Europe, 2017. https://edoc.coe.int/.

URL: https://edoc.coe.int/

Summary¶

Dimension	Rating
Reliability	High
Relevance	High
Bias: Missing data	Low risk
Bias: Measurement	Low risk
Bias: Selective reporting	Low risk
Bias: Randomization	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: Protocol deviation	N/A — not an RCT
Bias: COI/Funding	Low risk

Rationale¶

Dimension	Rationale
Reliability	Published by the Council of Europe, an intergovernmental organization. Widely cited across academic and policy literature. Adopted by UNESCO, EU, and academic researchers globally.
Relevance	Primary source for the information disorder taxonomy. This IS the taxonomy that the claim references. Exact topic match.
Bias flags	No concerns. Conceptual framework, not empirical measurement. Commissioned by the Council of Europe with academic authors.

Evidence Extracts¶

Evidence ID	Summary
SRC01-E01	Authors, year, and publisher confirmed
SRC01-E02	Three categories: misinformation, disinformation, malinformation
SRC01-E03	Framework uses two dimensions: falseness and intent to harm