R0002/2026-03-13/C012 — Claim Definition¶
Claim as Received¶
Wardle and Derakhshan published an information disorder taxonomy in 2017 through the Council of Europe, distinguishing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation based on intent to harm.
Claim as Clarified¶
Claire Wardle and Hossein Derakhshan published a taxonomy of information disorder in 2017 as a Council of Europe report. The taxonomy distinguishes three types — misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation — and the basis for distinction is intent to harm. The actual framework uses two dimensions (falseness and harm/intent), not just one.
BLUF¶
Confirmed with clarification needed. All factual sub-claims (authors, year, publisher, three categories) are verified. However, the basis for distinction is two-dimensional (falseness AND intent to harm), not solely "intent to harm" as the claim states.
Scope¶
- Domain: Information science / media studies / misinformation taxonomy
- Timeframe: Published 2017, no revisions found
- Testability: Directly verifiable against the primary publication
Assessment Summary¶
Probability: Very likely (83%)
Confidence: High
Hypothesis outcome: H2 (taxonomy exists but distinction basis is more complex) is the strongest hypothesis. Sub-claims 012a-012d are almost certain (99%). Sub-claim 012e is likely (60-70%) — intent to harm is one of two dimensions, not the sole basis.
[Full assessment in assessment.md.]
Status¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Date created | 2026-03-13 |
| Date completed | 2026-03-13 |
| Researcher profile | default |
| Prompt version | hybrid-prompt-test / full-prompt-run-07 |
| Revisit by | 2027-03-13 |
| Revisit trigger | Revisions to the framework or new taxonomies |