R0002/2026-03-13/C012¶
Claim: Wardle and Derakhshan published an information disorder taxonomy in 2017 through the Council of Europe, distinguishing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation based on intent to harm.
BLUF: Confirmed with clarification needed. All factual sub-claims (authors, year, publisher, three categories) are verified. However, the basis for distinction is two-dimensional (falseness AND intent to harm), not solely "intent to harm" as the claim states.
Probability: Very likely (83%) | Confidence: High
Correction needed: Distinction basis is two-dimensional (falseness × intent to harm), not solely "intent to harm."
Summary¶
| Entity | Description |
|---|---|
| Claim Definition | Claim text, scope, decomposition, status |
| Assessment | Full analytical product with reasoning chain |
| ACH Matrix | Evidence x hypotheses diagnosticity analysis |
| Self-Audit | ROBIS-adapted 4-domain process audit |
Hypotheses¶
| ID | Hypothesis | Status |
|---|---|---|
| H1 | All five sub-claims accurate | Inconclusive |
| H2 | Taxonomy exists but distinction basis is more complex | Supported |
| H3 | Publication details are inaccurate | Eliminated |
Searches¶
| ID | Target | Results | Selected |
|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Wardle Derakhshan Publication | 10 | 6 |
| S02 | Taxonomy Distinction Basis | 10 | 3 |
| S03 | Two Dimensions Verification | 11 | 4 |
Sources¶
| ID | Source | Reliability | Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|
| SRC01 | Wardle & Derakhshan (2017), Council of Europe | High | High |
| SRC02 | Profolus -- Wardle-Derakhshan Framework Analysis | Medium | High |
| SRC03 | PMC -- Information Disorder Syndrome | High | High |
| SRC04 | Shorenstein Center, Harvard Kennedy School | High | Medium |
| SRC05 | First Draft News | Medium | Medium |